An interval is the distance between two notes, the root and the next note. There are two kinds of intervals, harmonic and melodic.

The smallest distance is the half step. If you add two half steps, it becomes a whole step.

Note that between the notes E-F and B-C are already half steps.

Usually we measure the intervals diatonically. It means measuring the distance with half steps and whole steps which is the distance between each notes in the major scale. In the major scale, the intervals are whole steps except between the 3^rd – 4^th  and the 7^th – 8^th note which are half steps.

Unison (Same note)

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Minor 2^nd (Half step)

Jaws (John Williams)
Symphony No.40 1^st movement (Mozart)
Für Elise (Beethoven)

Major 2^nd (Whole step, 2 half steps)

Silent Night
Yesterday (Beatles)

Minor 3^rd (1 whole step + 1 half step)

Seven Nation Army (White stripes)
Hey Jude (Beatles)

Major 3^rd (2 whole steps)

Oh when the saints go marching in
Summer time

Perfect 4^th (2 whole steps + 1 half step)

Amazing grace
Under pressure (Queen)

Tri-tone, Augmented 4^th, Diminished 5^th (3 whole steps)

The Simpsons
Evenflow (Pearl jam)

Perfect 5^th (3 whole steps + 1 half step)

Blackbird (Beatles)
Theme of Game of Thrones

Minor 6^th (3 whole steps + 2 half steps)

Based on the intervals from the diatonic scale (A major scale in this case) there are 3 whole steps and 2 half steps; not 4 whole steps. A-B-C#-D-E-F

In my life (Beatles)
Theme from Love story

Major 6^th (4 whole steps + 1 half step)

My way (Frank Sinatra)
Over there!

Minor 7^th (4 whole steps + 2 half steps)

Josie (Steely Dan)
Watermelon Man (Herbie Hancock)

Major 7^th (5 whole steps + 1 half step)

Take on me (a-ha)
I love you (Cole Porter)

Octave (5 whole steps + 2 half steps)

Sweet child o mine (Guns N’ Roses)
Willow weep for me

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